Injustice to Tou O by Kuan Han-ch’ing

injury to Tou O by Kuan Han-ching explores and reflects sexuality roles and family wane existed in yuan rules of order. The play presents the gender roles by including the philosophy on expectations on women, illustrating a male-dominated society and disclosing social discrimination upon women. On the other hand, Kuan illustrates relations and values in family by manifesting the antecedent of men in family, accentuate the philosophy of filial pietism and placing the significance on inheritable worship and lineage. All of these elements of gender roles and family values are introduced in this Kuans play, resulting in a valuable piece of feat that reflect how society and wad perceive about gender and family in Yuan stay of China.\nFirst of all, throughout the play, Injustice to Tou O, Kuan depicts the cultural expectations held upon women by introducing the ternary Obediences and the Four Virtues of women. These both philosophical ideas played a vital role in ancient China in influencing how women behaved. When Tou scolds Tou Os speck for the crime that she did not commit, Tou explains the Three Obediences are obedience to [her] beget before marriage, obedience to [her] preserve after marriage, and obedience to [her] (Mair, 704). This philosophy itself indicates that women are expected to be always obedient and be subordinate to men. Tou even all the way states that [he] expected [her] to observe (Mair, 704) these expectations. In addition, Tou describes the Four Virtues of women as service of process to [her] parents-in-law, respect for [her] husband, being on good terms with [her] sisters-in-law and sustenance peace with [her] neighbors (Mair, 704). None of the Virtues set women in a excellent position. Because the Four Virtues were strongly forceful values in the Yuan China, the women perhaps naturally behaved subordinately as it was virtuous to do so. These obediences and virtues leads to at a time central expectation held upon o...